By focusing on a single intervention or a few specific interventions for a particular condition, the investigator can ensure a manageable results set. Is my research topic appropriate for systematic review methods?Ī systematic review is best deployed to test a specific hypothesis about a healthcare or public health intervention or exposure. A systematic review may include a meta-analysis.įor details about carrying out systematic reviews, see the Guides and Standards section of this guide. A well-designed systematic review includes clear objectives, pre-selected criteria for identifying eligible studies, an explicit methodology, a thorough and reproducible search of the literature, an assessment of the validity or risk of bias of each included study, and a systematic synthesis, analysis and presentation of the findings of the included studies. The use of standardized, systematic methods and pre-selected eligibility criteria reduce the risk of bias in identifying, selecting and analyzing relevant studies. See also the Library's Literature Review guide.A systematic review is guided filtering and synthesis of all available evidence addressing a specific, focused research question, generally about a specific intervention or exposure. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 26(2), 91-108. A typology of reviews: An analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Summarises and compiles results from multiple systematic reviews into one accessible and reusable document - also known as a review of reviews. Can vary in approach, and is often specific to the type of study, which include studies of effectiveness, qualitative research, economic evaluation, prevalence, aetiology, or diagnostic test accuracy. Seeks to systematically search for, appraise, and synthesise research evidence so as to aid decision-making and determine best practice. (See the page in this guide on Scoping reviews.) Can include a wide range of related subjects.Īssesses what is known about an issue by using a systematic review method to search and appraise research and determine best practice.Īssesses the potential scope of the research literature on a particular topic. Typically employs a narrative approach to reporting the review findings. Identifies and reviews published literature on a topic, which may be broad. Traditional (narrative) literature review The table below lists five types of review, as adapted from a widely used typology of fourteen types of reviews (Grant & Booth, 2009).Critically Appraised Topics (CATs) in veterinary medicine: Applying evidence in clinical practice. P., Belshaw, Z., Buckley, L., Corah, L., Doit, H., Fajt, V. "Schematic of the main differences between the types of literature review" by Brennan, M. The image below describes common review types in terms of speed, detail, risk of bias, and comprehensiveness:.Here are a couple of simple explanations. Researchers, academics, and librarians all use various terms to describe different types of literature reviews, and there is often inconsistency in the ways the types are discussed. But even a narrative review should be undertaken with systematic rigour, so parts of this guide should still be useful depending on the level and extent of your review. It might be that a systematic review is not appropriate for your situation, and a Critically Appraised Topic (CAT), a scoping review, or a traditional narrative review might be more relevant to your purpose (see table below). Note that every meta-analysis has a systematic review behind it, but not every systematic review includes a meta-analysis! a synthesis and systematic presentation of the findings of the included studies.Ī systematic review might also include a meta-analysis: a statistical way to combine quantitative data extracted from a systematic review.the critical appraisal of included studies.a systematic and reproducible search strategy.a clearly defined topic, with pre-defined criteria for inclusion and exclusion of studies.Key characteristics of a systematic review include: They aim to minimize bias by using explicit, systematic methods documented in advance with a protocol." ( Cochrane Handbook Version 6.3, 2020) "Systematic reviews seek to collate evidence that fits pre-specified eligibility criteria in order to answer a specific research question.
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